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R語言翻轉教室-4【01-RBasic-04-Factors】


了解R語言的Factor資料結構

Factor是一個向量物件,用途是儲存「類別」的資料。有這樣的資料格式,我們可以將資料集依照類別分組。

屬於「類別」資料的例子如:「男、女」、「台北市、台中市、台東市、台南市」等。

撰寫:levels(文字向量)由此可知其中文字向量包含什麼類別

*儲存整數比儲存文字更省空間

要將grades轉為有順序的factor向量。做法是在factor函數中,將ordered設定為TRUE。 並且將levels順序以向量方式傳入,level要由小到大填入。

範例:grades_factor <- factor(grades, order = TRUE, levels = c("C","B", "A"))

總結:
  • Factor向量用來儲存類別的資料。
  • levels屬性限制能在向量中出現的類別種類。 
  • Factor本質上是整數向量,只是帶有levels。
  • Factor可以是無順序或有順序的,可用在Factor函數中使用ordered=TRUE讓Factor變成有順序。


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